This chapter races the trajPublic sector development is integral to the work that we do at the Commonwealth Secretariat. Through the Governance and Institutional Development Division (GIDD), we support member countries and their public institutions with technical assistance, advisory services and training. The aim is to build institutional capacity to improve governance and public service delivery.ectory of decentralisation implementation in Botswana. It covers the circumstances that led to the adoption of decentralisation; the type of decentralisation being pursued; the main area(s) of focus; achievements so far; and the challenges and suggestions for improvement. In writing the chapter, three datacollection methods were adopted: (a) an analysis of the country report submitted by the Ministry of Local Government (MLG) to the Commonwealth Secretariat; (b) a two-week rapid field survey conducted in Botswana in October 2009 by a consultant hired by the Commonwealth Secretariat to validate the country report; and (c) a regional validation workshop organised by the Commonwealth Secretariat in Gaborone during which comments were solicited from government institutions on the draft country report. The final draft report was further reviewed by the MLG and Office of the President.