Literature on ESD stresses the importance of local relevance, and a number of countries have undertaken promising and successful processes to develop an authentic vision of what ESD should mean in the context of local daily life. One of the criticisms of some donor and multilateral initiatives is that they have tended to reflect the agendas of donor countries related to ‘flavour of the day’ issues, thus fragmenting development efforts in recipient countries and hijacking local capacity. In recent years, some of the organisations involved have astutely recognised the need to move away from preconceived notions of ESD and associated jargon, and work with local groups to pursue related ideas on their own terms. Practically speaking, organisations such as the Pacific’s Secretariat of the Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP) and the Jamaica Environmental Trust (JET) have sought to develop or adapt resource materials to the specific contexts of the countries and people they are working with, trying where possible to connect sustainability and environmental values with local cultural values and practices.