A realistic assessment of the educational situation having been made, the most urgent development needs, both quantitative and qualitative, become clear. It may, for example, be that the education provided for children in the lower primary grades is of a very formal and authoritarian type allowing little scope for young children's creative and imaginative activities. The remedies may well be varied, such as smaller classes, more and better reading texts, materials for creative play, number apparatus and so on - but all depending for their effective use on the re-training of the teachers concerned or, in the case of unqualified staff, on their initial training.