This chapter deals with the political structure of provincial governments. The first working paper examines the composition of the main political body, referred to here as the ‘Provincial Assembly’. It is followed by a paper on the role and structure of the provincial executive or cabinet, including the procedures for selecting and removing the political head of the province, known in Solomon Islands as the ‘president’, and proposed to become the ‘premier’, except in the case of Honiara, which it is proposed should have a ‘mayor’.